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Часть текста: entangled in the interlaced roots of life, know then that thou hast strayed from the path to which I beckon thee, for I have placed thee in broad smooth paths which are strewn with flowers. I have put a light before thee, which thou can’st follow and thus run without stumbling. Krishna P. 212. I received your letter and the two issues of the magazine. Both were intensely interesting to me; indeed, the oppression of a majority by the minority of a people and the corruption which flows from it, is a phenomenon which has always occupied my mind and at present is entirely occupying my attention. I will endeavour to convey to you what I think, both in a particular and a general way, about those causes from which those dreadful calamities have arisen and do arise, of which you write in your letter and which are also mentioned in the two numbers of the Hindoo magazine you sent me. The causes, owing to which this astonishing spectacle arises, of the majority of the labouring classes submitting to a mere handful of idlers whom it permits to dispose not only of its labour but also of its very life, are always and everywhere the same; whether the oppressors and the oppressed belong to the same, or, as is the case in India and in other countries, where the dominant class belongs to an entirely different nation from those oppressed. It appears especially strange of India, for here we have a people of 200 millions of individuals, highly endowed with spiritual and physical powers, in absolute subjection to a small clique, composed of persons utterly alien in thought and aspiration and altogether inferior to those whom they enslave. These causes, as one can easily see from your letter, from the articles in «Free Hindustan», from the highly interesting writings of the Hindoo Swami Vivekananda and others, are in ...

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Часть текста: are not pleasant, pleasant words are not true. The wise are not learned, the learned are not wise. The Brahmanes say that in their books there are many predictions of times in which it will rain. But press those books as strongly as you can, you can not get out of them a drop of water. So you can not get out of all the books that contain the best preceptes the smalest good deed. Ruskin says, that the best men, those which have done the greatest good to humanity are those that we do not know of. The chief difference between words and deeds is, that words are always intended for men for their aprobation, but deeds can be done only for God. Though it is possible to utter words only with the intention to fulfill the will of God it is very difficult not to think about the impression w[h]ich they will produce on men and not to form them accordingly. But deeds you can do quite unknown to men only for God. And such deeds are the greatest joy that a man can experience. As to his plan to live amongst prostitutes and tramps... I can not say that I approuve of it. Rather not. I think that to change own’s habitual life for such a one a man must [be] quite sure to be proof against the new temptations that will assail him in this new life. This refers also to your doubts about your life. I think that the changes in our life must come from the impossibility to live otherwise than accordingly to the demands of our conscience but not from our mental resolution to try a new form of life. I was glad to hear all what you write about your society 1 and yourself and thank you for your letter. Your friend Leo Tolstoy. Дорогой Перси Редферн, Я думаю, что ваш друг, который против книг и чтения, вполне прав. Лао-Тзе говорит: истинные слова не бывают...

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Часть текста: will allways transgress the limits which we would put to it. Deeds as those than have been done in the Philippines, in China and are daily done in all pseudochristian states will continue till humanity will accept violence as a means to produce good results and will not accept the chief precepts of Christianity — to act on our brethern not as on animals by violence, but by sweet reasonableness (as Mat[t]h[ew] Arnold 2 termed it) which is the only way to act thoroughly and durably on reasonable beings. Hoping that my bad English will not hinder you to understand what I mean to say, I remain, dear Sir, yours truly Leo Tolstoy. 15 Dec. 1902. Г. Герберту Уелшу. Милостивый государь, Я получил ваше письмо, книгу и брошюры. 1 Не могу не любоваться вашей деятельностью, но преступления, совершенные на Филиппинах, именно такие, какие, по моему мнению, всегда будут происходить в государствах, управляемых посредством насилия, или в которых насилие допускается и употребляется как необходимое и законное средство. Насилие, которое само по себе преступление, нельзя употреблять только до известного предела. Если только допустить насилие, оно всегда перейдет границы, которые мы хотели бы установить для него. ...

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Часть текста: for sending it. I have looked it over and have found in it many things, that are new to me. I think, that such a book is very useful, because it makes known to each other people working the same work and not knowing their comrades. I think, that the title of your publication is too narrow. The contents are broader. It contains not only records of the labour movement, but of the whole social reformation movement, which is going on now with so great intensity in the whole world. The solution of the labour question will not solve the social question, but the social question includes the labour question. And the social question can be solved only by the annulment of every kind of restraint used by one man or reunion of men over any other man or men. And this can only be done by change of public opinion. The social question will be solved only when it will be regarded by the great majority of men as base, shameful, abject and revilling a man to a beast to use violence against every other man, as to be a thief or murderer. And this opinion is more and more going to be general, and to establish this public opinion is what I have worked for with all my strength and will work for to my last day. I will beg my daughter to put my photo in this letter if she has one. Wishing you succes in your and our common work, I remain yours truly Leo Tolstoy. 17 Oct. 1895. Милостивый государь, Я получил ваше письмо и «Рабочий ежегодник». Благодарю за его присылку. Я просмотрел его и нашел ...

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Часть текста: for your very interesting letter. I quite agree with you that your nation cannot accept the solution of the social problem which is proposed by Europe and which is no solution at all. A society or community kept together by force is not only in a provisory state, but in a very dangerous one. The bonds that keep together such a society are always in danger of being broken and the society itself — liable to experience the greatest evils. In such a position are all the European states. The only solution of the social problem for reasonable beings endowed with the capacity of love is the abolition of violence and the organization of society based on mutual love and reasonable principles, voluntarily accepted by all. Such a state can be attained only by the development of true religion. By the words «true religion» I mean the fundamental principles of all religions which are 1) the consciousness of the divine essence of human soul and 2) respect for its manifestation — human life. Your religion is very old and very profound in its metaphysical definition of the relation of man to the spiritual All — the Atman; but I think it was maimed in its moral, i. e. practical application to life; by the existence of caste. This practical application to life, so far as I know, has been made only by Jainism, 1 Buddhism and some of your sects, such as Kabir Panchis 2 in which the fundamental principle is the sacredness of life and consequently the prohibition to take the life of any living being, especially of man. All the evils that you experience — the famine and chat is still more important, the depravement of your people by factory life — will last as long as your people consent to kill their fellowmen and to be soldiers (Sepoys). Parasites feed only on unclean bodies. Your people must try to be morally clean and in so far as they are clean from murder or readiness to do it they will...

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Часть текста: to Tchertkoff, who will forward it to its destination. I am sorry that Tchertkoff adressed himself through you to the Society of Friends, and will avow it to you, that it is very disagreable to me, that I have something to do with this matter. 2 If I thought, that it is good for a Christian to have money at his disposal and that good could be done by money, I would have kept my fortune and would help people by my money. But as I think, that a Christian ought not to have any property and that it is impossible to do any good through money, I can never ask for money, nor for me, nor for anybody else. If people find right, as you do, to give their money to other men and will do it through me, as they did in the time of the famine, I will do as they wish, but I would rather not have anything to do with money matters, which are always full of sin. And this is an example of it. You are not rich, but nevertheless you gave a good sum of money with the best wishes, and this gift of yours has awakened in me very bad feelings: it seemed to me, that you must reproach me of inconsistency or in want of delicacy, if not asking, letting others ask money for my friends from strangers, when the members of my family are...

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Часть текста: Толстой Л. Н. - Кросби Эрнесту (Ernest Crosby), 13 марта 1897 г. 58. Эрнесту Кросби (Ernest Crosby). 1897 г. Марта 13. Москва. 13 March 1897. My dear Crosby, I have received the extract of my book «Life» 1 and have found it very well done. I wrote to Mr. Hall that I liked his work and wished him success. It would be very well to write a preface to it, but I cannot do it now. 2 I am always very glad to have news from you and to know that you are working for spreading the truth of non-resistance and wish you internal satisfaction from your work. Your friend. 13 марта 1897. Дорогой Кросби, я получил изложение моей книги «О жизни» 1 и нахожу, что оно выполнено очень хорошо. Я написал г-ну Голлу, что его работа мне нравится, и пожелал ему успеха. Было бы очень хорошо написать к ней предисловие, но не могу сделать этого теперь. 2 Я всегда очень рад иметь от вас известия и знать, что вы работаете для. распространения истины непротивления, и желаю вам внутреннего удовлетворения в вашей работе. Ваш друг. Примечания Печатается по копии из AЧ. Эрнест Говард Кросби (Ernest Howard Crosby, 1856—1907) — американский писатель и поэт, сочувствовавший взглядам Толстого; был лично знаком с Толстым. См. т. 87, стр. 306. Ответ на письмо Э. Кросби от 15 февраля, в котором Кросби сообщал о посылке переделки Б. Голла книги Толстого «О жизни» и просил написать к ней предисловие. 1 См. прим. к письму № 44. 2 Предисловие это написано Толстым не было.

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Часть текста: the Spanish American war, which is finished, and the other war against war which is still going on and which will finish only with all the wars in the world. This is the war, that the Douchobortsy and all the true Christians are making against the Russian and all the military government. I hear that you have great heroes who have killed a great many nearly unarmed men (the spanishs were unarmed in comparison with Americans). I got letters from Americans, who engage me to write about this noble work of their sailors and soldiers as they call it. 3 But I find that the work done by the American army and fleet was quite the opposite of noble and all these heroes are disgusting. I can imagine an old weak man full of superstitions, who thinks, that he can solve a dispute by boxing, but when I see a young a strong man who by his culture and the ideas of his time ought be know better accept the challenge of the old man and beat this silly old man and be proud of it, I am quite disgusted. And this is the aspect of the American war. I dont speak of the motives of the war, or better say the pretext, because there can not be true motives for a war, for killing people with the purpose of making people happy. So I dont speak of the pretext, but of the war itself. And in this hideous war they glorifie heroes and the whole world is silly enough to listen to all...

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Часть текста: Yours truly, Leo Tolstoy. 1900. 12 August. Тула. Дорогой г. Морисон Давидсон, Благодарю вас очень за вашу книгу. Я прочел первую часть ее и не только одобряю, но восхищаюсь ею. Ваша мысль о том, что история должна быть историей трудящегося, вполне правильна, и я надеюсь, что она будет скоро признана всеми. Вы также показали путь, которым это может быть достигнуто. Я надеюсь и желаю, чтобы «Annals of toil» получила наибольший успех. Мне также очень понравился выбор ваших эпиграфов. Еще раз благодаря вас за книгу и за упоминание в ней моего имени, остаюсь с глубоким уважением и симпатией искренно ваш Лев Толстой. 1900. 12 Августа. Примечания Печатается по копировальной книге № 3, л. 54, хранящейся в ГТМ. Местонахождение автографа неизвестно. Дата Толстого нового стиля ошибочна. Основание датировки см. в прим. к письму № 338. В России публикуется впервые, о публикации за границей сведений не имеется. Морисон Давидсон (J. Morrison Davidson) — английский писатель, автор ряда трудов по экономическим вопросам. В Яснополянской библиотеке имеются следующие его книги: «Bluffing the Foreign Devils or Dear-Bred Imperialism. Being a Plea for the Abolition of Indirect Taxation and the Communalisation of the Land», London, Francis Riddel Henderson, s. a.; «The New Book of Kings: a Republican Counterblast». New revised and enlarged edition, with forewords. London, Francis Riddel Henderson, 1902; «The Old Order and the New. From Individualism to Collectivism». Fifth edition. London, William Reeves, s. a.; «The Son of Man. Standard. Bearer of Humanity», London, Francis Riddel Henderson, 1906; «That Great Lying Church», London, Francis Riddel Henderson, 1903. На титульном листе надпись: «To Leo Tolstoy from Morrison Davidson with Fraternal Love. May I, 1903» [«Льву Толстому с братской любовью от Морисона Давидсона. 1 мая 1903»];...

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Часть текста: себя, которые я переиспытал вследствие моего полного несогласия с этим всеобщим поклонением, и полагая, что многие переживали и переживают то же самое, я думаю, что не бесполезно определенно и откровенно высказать это мое несогласное с большинством мнение, тем более что выводы, к которым я пришел, разбирая причины этого моего несогласия с установившимся общим мнением, мне думается, не лишены интереса и значения. Несогласие мое с установившимся о Шекспире мнением не есть последствие случайного настроения или легкомысленного отношения к предмету, а есть результат многократных, в продолжение многих лет упорных попыток согласования своего взгляда с установившимися на Шекспира взглядами всех образованных людей христианского мира. Помню то удивленье, которое я испытал при первом чтении Шекспира. Я ожидал получить большое эстетическое наслаждение. Но, прочтя одно за другим считающиеся лучшими его произведения: "Короля Лира", "Ромео и Юлию", "Гамлета", "Макбета", я не только не испытал наслаждения, но почувствовал неотразимое отвращение, скуку и недоумение о том, я ли безумен, находя ничтожными и прямо дурными произведения, которые считаются верхом совершенства всем образованным миром, или безумно то значение, которое приписывается этим образованным миром произведениям Шекспира. Недоумение мое усиливалось тем, что я всегда живо чувствовал красоты поэзии во всех ее формах; почему же признанные всем миром за гениальные художественные произведения сочинения Шекспира не только не нравились мне, но были мне отвратительны? Долго я не верил себе и в продолжение пятидесяти лет по нескольку раз принимался, проверяя себя, читать Шекспира во всех возможных...

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