Лев Толстой: Поиск по текстам произведений автора и критике. Cлово "FOUNDATION". Классическая русская литература.

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Часть текста: and all religions. The truth that the principle of all that exists we cannot otherwise feel and understand than as Love and that the soul of man is an emanation of this principle, the development of which is what we call human life — is a truth that is more or less consciously felt by every man and therefore accessible to the most scientifically developed minds as well as to the most simple. This truth is the foundation of the religion of Krishna and of all religions. But in the religion of Krishna, as well as in all ancient religions, there are statements which not only cannot be proved, but which are clearly products of uncontrolled imagination and which, moreover, are quite unnecessary for the conception of the essential truth and the affirmation of rules of conduct which flow out of the fundamental principle. Such are all the cosmological and historical affirmations of creations, durability of the world, all the stories of miracles, the theory of the four ages and the immoral and contradictory to the fundamental principle organization of casts. Dear friend and brother, the task which is before you is to state the truth common to all men, which can and must unify the whole humanity in one and the same faith, and one and the same rule of conduct based on it. Humanity must unite in one and the same faith, because the soul of every man — as you know it — only seems to be multiple and different in every individual, but is one in all beings. And therefore, dear brother, I think that you ought to put aside your...

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Часть текста: thou wilt be dragged through the rough wilderness of life, which is not of Me. Whenever thou feelest that thy feet are becoming entangled in the interlaced roots of life, know then that thou hast strayed from the path to which I beckon thee, for I have placed thee in broad smooth paths which are strewn with flowers. I have put a light before thee, which thou can’st follow and thus run without stumbling. Krishna P. 212. I received your letter and the two issues of the magazine. Both were intensely interesting to me; indeed, the oppression of a majority by the minority of a people and the corruption which flows from it, is a phenomenon which has always occupied my mind and at present is entirely occupying my attention. I will endeavour to convey to you what I think, both in a particular and a general way, about those causes from which those dreadful calamities have arisen and do arise, of which you write in your letter and which are also mentioned in the two numbers of the Hindoo magazine you sent me. The causes, owing to which this astonishing spectacle arises, of the majority of the labouring classes submitting to a mere handful of idlers whom it permits to dispose not only of its labour but also of its very life, are always and everywhere the same; whether the oppressors and the oppressed belong to the same, or, as is the case in India and in other countries, where the dominant class belongs to an entirely different nation from those oppressed. It appears especially strange of India, for here we have a people of 200 millions of individuals, highly endowed with spiritual and physical powers, in absolute subjection to a small clique, composed of persons utterly alien in thought and aspiration and altogether inferior to those whom they enslave. These causes, as one can easily see from your letter, from...

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Часть текста: 2/15. Я. П. Dear Sir, I read the paper that you sent me with great attention. I am sorry to say that this theory of non-resistance, implying obedience to bad powers and therefore participation in violent, bad and cruel acts, is a very bad sophistry. We must not resist evil, but must not take part in it. And there in the cases, where you must abstain from doing what you are asked or ordered to do, is the chief point of the principle of non-resistance. A man who will do all what he is ordered to do — if it is good or bad, if it corresponds or not to the will of God which is the foundation, the essence of our life — is a man who consciously or inconsciously deceives himself. I am sorry that my opinion differs so much from yours theory which seems to please you so much, but I wish to be quite frank with you. Yours truly L. Tolstoy. 2/15 Fevr. 1907. Милостивый государь, Я прочел с большим вниманием присланный вами листок. К сожалению, должен сказать, что эта теория непротивления, предполагающая повиновение злым силам, а потому участие в дурных, жестоких и насильнических поступках, является очень плохим софизмом. Мы должны не противиться злу, но и не должны принимать в нем участия. В тех именно случаях, когда мы должны воздерживаться от того, что нас просят или приказывают нам сделать, и заключается самая сущность принципа...

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Часть текста: I think that Love is God, is life itself, is that, what is godly in man, and that Love, which is God and therefore infinite, being enclosed in man, tends to expand itself, and that is the motion of life, which we feel in ourselves, and that the unique means for Love to manifest itself and to expand is Truth. Falsehood, and especially falsehood against oneself, hinders Love to manifest itself and to expand. Therefore truth is so necessary and is the first of our duties; therefore also all the so often hypocritically used admonitions to love one’s neighbour are false and vain. Love is God and God is infinite, and man cannot augment God. All what a man can and must do, is to put aside all hindrances for the manifestation of God, i. e. Love, which is in him. And there is only one thing, that hinders this manifestation: that is falsehood. And not to think and to speak lies, when a man knows, that what he thinks and what he says is not true, is in the power of man. Therefore the first duty of man, who wishes to live a real life, is to be truthful in thoughts, words and deeds. And to this every man can tend and attain this «but». To be truthful in reference to your article, I must say, that I expected it stronger and shorter, especially the first part. You can write much better. You notice, that I always criticize your writings, it is because I love and esteem you and feel myself obliged to be so strict and severe in my judgements of you, as I try to be on...

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Часть текста: I have received both your letters & the papers, which you sent, and thank you for the one & the other. In regard to your letter, the one before last, in which you write that soon you will have formed a community, I wished to answer you the following: Of course one can not but desire the largest spreading of that which one regards as the truth, and not only as an abstract truth, but as a practical one, such a truth, the acceptation of which would deliver men from their miseries and give them the greatest welfare; but, strange though it seems to say so nothing has so much hindered the spreading of the truth, as the too hasty desire to make others accept it. I have always been deeply affected by the seldom noticed words of Christ to his 70 disciples, when they returned from preaching and boasted of their success, saying that everywhere the devils were subject unto them: «In this rejoice not, that the spirits are subject unto you; but rather, because your names are written in heaven». In other words: seek not exterior success visible to all men, do not count your proselytes, as do the churchmen & the salvation army, 1 but seek to be in the truth, never to deviate from it & success, thoough perhaps invisible to you, will follow, will certainly follow, because when a man is in the truth he will act and his action will inevitably have the most fruitful results, if...

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Часть текста: ЛИТЕРАТУРА Абрамович Н . Я. Религия Толстого. М., 1914. Айхенвальд Ю . И. Лев Толстой. М" 1920. Аксел ь род-Ортодокс Л . И. Л. Н. Толстой: Сб. ст. М, 1922. Антология ненасилия. М; Бостон, 1991. Арденс Н . Н. (Апостолов Н . Н.). Лев Толстой и его спутники. М., 1928. Арденс Н . Н. (Апостолов Н . Н.). Религи озно-анархические идеи Льва Тол стого и современный политический психоз. 2-е изд. Киев, 1919. Арденс Н . Н. (Апостолов Н . Н.). Творческий путь Л. Н. Толстого. М., 1962. Архангельский А . И. Кому служить? / Предисл . И. Горубнова-Посадова. М., 1920. Асмус В . Ф. Мировоззрение Л. Н. Толстого // Литературное наследство. М., 1961. Т. 69, кн. 1. Астафьев П . Е. Учение графа Л. Н. Толстого в его целом: Крит, очерк. 2-е изд. М., 1892. Бабкин П . И. О непротивлении злу: По поводу драмы "Власть тьмы" Льва Толстого. СПб., 1896. Балу А. Учение о христианском непротивлении злу насилием. М., 1908. Белый А. Толстой и культура // О религии Льва Толстого. М., 1912. Сб. 2. Бем А. Л . Толстой в оценке Достоевского // Научные труды Русского Народного университета в Праге. Прага, 1929. Т. 2. С. 118-140. Бердяев Н . А. Ветхий и Новый Завет в религиозном сознании Л. Толстого // О религии Льва Толстого. М., 1912. Сб. 2. Бердяев Н . А. О религиозном значении Льва Толстого // Вопр. лит., 1989. N 4. С. 269-274. Бердяев Н . А. Духи русской революции // Вехи: Из глубины. М., 1991. С. 277-289. Бердяев Н . А. Кошмар злого добра: (О книге И. Ильина "О сопротивлении злу силою") // Путь: Орган русской религиозной мысли. Париж, 1926. N 4. С. 78-87. Берман Б . Н. Сокровенный Толстой: Рел игиозные видения и прозрения ху дожественного творчества Льва Николаевича. М., 1992. Бирюков П . И....

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Часть текста: economy. 1 The reading of every one of your books makes clear to me things, which were not so before, and confirms me more and more in the truth on practicability of your system. Still more do I rejoice at the thought, that Imay possibly see you. 2 My summer I invariably spend in the country near Tula. With sincere affection I am truly your friend Leon Tolstoy. 8 April 1896. Dear Sir, Письмо ваше доставило мне большую радость, п[отому] ч[то] я давно знаю и люблю вас. Хотя мы и идем разными дорогами, не думаю, чтобы мы разно мыслили в самом основном. Мне очень радостно было видеть в вашем письме два раза упоминание о другой жизни. Ничто так не расширяет взгляда, не дает такой твердой точки опоры и такой ясной точки зрения, как сознание того, что эта жизнь, несмотря на то, что только в ней мы можем и обязаны проявить свою деятельность, есть все-таки не вся жизнь, а только тот кусок ее, кот[орый] открыт нашему взору. Очень рад известию о том, что вы пишете критику ортодоксальной политической экономии. 1 С нетерпением буду ждать ее. Чтение каждой вашей книги уясняет мне то, что прежде было не вполне ясно, и открывает новые горизонты. Еще больше радуюсь тому, что, может быть, увижусь с вами. 2 Это будет для меня большая радость. Лето я провожу безвыездно в деревне подле Тулы. С истинной любовью ваш друг Л. Т. Примечания Печатается: английский текст по листу 71 копировальной книги, русский по автографу. Дату надо считать в новом стиле, на основании почтового штемпеля: «Москва, 20 марта 1896» на конверте письма адресата. Генри Джордж (Henry George, 1839—1897) — американский буржуазный экономист и общественный деятель, создатель теории о «едином налоге» с ценности ...

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Часть текста: express those ideas as strongly as all the articles of Worland and as simply and shortly as you say you wish to do it. The sole advice that I should wish to give you is to avoid polemic as much as possible. I have received also a letter from your husband 2 . I hope he will excuse me if I do not write to him separately and am asking you to be so kind say to him: 1) That although I like very much the Crank, I quite agree with him that it would de very good not only to combine gardening and agricultural work with writing, but to put the foundation of your life in manual work and keep publishing work as an accessory. Then he will not be afraid to be too successful. 2) That I hope I will send for the Crank something which should be worthy of it and 3) that I will be very glad to know his questions and answer them if I feel myself able to do it. With best wishes for you and your husband, your friend L. Tolstoy. 2/15 February 1907. Дорогая г-жа Дэниель, Я не ответил на ваше письмо раньше, так как был болен и до сих пор не вполне здоров. Я рад слышать, что вы намерены работать над вашей статьей о земле. От этого она только выиграет, хотя она очень хороша и так. 1 Я также очень одобряю вашу мысль о связи между тремя принципами: бедностью, воздержанием (как степенью целомудрия) и следованием закону природы. Я думаю и надеюсь, что вы изложите эти идеи так же сильно, как все статьи Ворланда, и так же просто и кратко, как, по вашим словам, вы хотите это сделать. Единственный совет, который я желал бы вам дать, это избегать, насколько возможно, полемики. Я получил также письмо от вашего мужа. 2 Надеюсь, он извинит меня, что не пишу ему...

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Часть текста: Russia, where people have never recognised landed property, this infamous action is particularly loathsome on the part of a stupid and coarse government which is endeavouring not only to retain the slaves in their servitude, but also by depraving the people to intensify their slavery in the future. I regard as stupid the action of our present government, because if it had put into practice Henry Georgeis principle that land cannot become exclusive property, — a principle always recognised and still recognised by the great mass of the Russian peasantry, — this measure alone, more effectually than all the acts of violence and cruelty now being accomplished by the government, would have pacified the people, and rendered impossible the codtinuation of the revolution. Whereas the Russian government has had recourse to a measure pricisely contrary to such an one by encouraging in every way the transference of the land from communal ownership to private individual ownership. 1 In this I see the government's astounding stupidity. Whilst in those measures which the government applies for the repression of the dissafection amongst the people naturally flowing from their want in land, is manifested the government’s astounding cruelty. Therefore the activity of the Single-Tax League organised in England is especially gladdening. Henry George is especially to be appreciated by those who profess Christianity in its true sense, for not only are the foundations of his teaching, but also his methods truly Christian. As Jesus in his utterance, «Ye have heard that it was said: Thou...

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Часть текста: spiritual force only to his duty, or as I express it-to his life, to love and not think of the consequences, knowing that if he lives on this principle the results for himself and for the world will be the best possible. I firmly believe this and always try to remember it and to act accordingly myself, and say it to those who ask my opinion and express it in my writings. If my conception of life is truly religious I cannot think otherwise, for this principle is the foundation of religion. And religion, true religion is and always has been one and the same ewerywhere. Thank you for the good feelings you express for me in your letter and allowing myself to reproach you for exagerating my importance, I remain your friend and brother 2 Leo Tolstoy. My friend V. Tchertkoff will send to you all my writings translated into English which can be of interest to you. L. T. 3 Febr. 1908. Ясная Поляна. Тула. Россия. Милостивый государь, Получил ваше письмо и прочел его с большим интересом и удовольствием. Я высоко ценю мое общение с индийскими религиозными людьми, каковым и вы являетесь, судя по вашему письму. С большим интересом и пользой для моей духовной жизни прочел я все встретившиеся мне браминские религиозные книги и буду очень благодарен зa книгу, которую вы предлагаете мне прислать. Мне жалко было заметить, что вы думаете, будто я не соглашаюсь с основным положением Бхагават-Гиты 1 о том, что человек должен направлять все свои духовные силы на исполнение долга, или, как я это выражаю, на свою жизнь, чтобы любить и не думать о последствиях этого, зная, что если живешь согласно такому принципу, то получатся наилучшие результаты для самого человека и для всего мира. Я твердо этому верю и всегда стараюсь помнить об этом и поступать соответственно этому, а также говорить это тем, кто спрашивает мое мнение, и высказывать это в своих сочинениях. Я не могу думать иначе, если мое миросозерцание истинно религиозно, ибо этот принцип...

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