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Часть текста: beckon thee, for I have placed thee in broad smooth paths which are strewn with flowers. I have put a light before thee, which thou can’st follow and thus run without stumbling. Krishna P. 212. I received your letter and the two issues of the magazine. Both were intensely interesting to me; indeed, the oppression of a majority by the minority of a people and the corruption which flows from it, is a phenomenon which has always occupied my mind and at present is entirely occupying my attention. I will endeavour to convey to you what I think, both in a particular and a general way, about those causes from which those dreadful calamities have arisen and do arise, of which you write in your letter and which are also mentioned in the two numbers of the Hindoo magazine you sent me. The causes, owing to which this astonishing spectacle arises, of the majority of the labouring classes submitting to a mere handful of idlers whom it permits to dispose not only of its labour but also of its very life, are always and everywhere the same; whether the oppressors and the oppressed belong to the same, or, as is the case in India and in other countries, where the dominant class belongs to an entirely different nation from those oppressed. It appears especially strange of India, for here we have a people of 200 millions of individuals, highly endowed with spiritual and physical powers, in absolute subjection to a small clique, composed of persons utterly alien in thought and aspiration and altogether inferior to those whom they enslave. These causes, as one can easily see from your letter, from the articles in «Free Hindustan», from the highly interesting writings of the Hindoo Swami ...
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Часть текста: 31-st 1909. The fulfilment of Henry George’s teaching, i. e. the emancipation of the land from the right of property or, speaking more accurately, the emancipation of men from enlavery through the right of property of some over the land is in our time as urgently necessary, as was fifty years ago the emancipation of men in America and Russia from direct slavery. Unfortunately, as direct slave-owners endeavoured with all their power to retain direct slavery, which was advantageous for them, so also at the present time the wealthy classes use all their power for the retention of indirect slavery based upon landed property. In Russia, where people have never recognised landed property, this infamous action is particularly loathsome on the part of a stupid and coarse government which is endeavouring not only to retain the slaves in their servitude, but also by depraving the people to intensify their slavery in the future. I regard as stupid the action of our present government, because if it had put into practice Henry Georgeis principle that land cannot become exclusive property, — a principle always recognised and still recognised by the great mass of the Russian peasantry, — this measure alone, more effectually than all the acts of violence and cruelty now being accomplished by the government, would have pacified the people, and rendered impossible the codtinuation of the revolution. Whereas the Russian government has had recourse to a measure pricisely contrary to such an one by encouraging in every way the transference of the land from communal ownership to private individual ownership. 1 In this I see the government's astounding stupidity. Whilst in those measures which the government applies for the repression of the dissafection amongst the people naturally flowing from their want in land, is manifested the government’s astounding cruelty. Therefore the...
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Часть текста: Toula. Jasnaya Poliana. Dear friend Iso Abé, It was a great pleasure for me to receive your letter and your paper 1 with the english article. 2 I thank you heartily for both. Though I never doubted that there are in Japan a great many reasonable, moral and religious men, who are opposed to the horrible crime of war which is now perpetrated by both betrayed and stupified nations, I was very glad to get the proof of it. It is a great joy for me to know that I have friends and coworkers in Japan with which I can be in friendly intercourse. Wishing to be quite sincere with you, as I wish to be with every esteemed friend, I must tell you that I do not approuve of socialism and am sorry to know that the most spiritually advanced part of your, so clever and energetic people, has taken from Europe the very feeble, illusory and fallacious theory of socialism, which in Europe is beginning to be abandoned. Socialism has for its aim the satisfaction of the meanest part of human nature: his material wellbeing and by the means it proposes can never attain them. The true wellbeing of humanity is spiritual i. e. moral and includes the material wellbeing. And this higher goal can be attained only by religious i. e. moral perfection of all the unites which compose nations and humanity. By religion I understand the reasonable belief in a (general for all humanity) law of God which practically is exposed in the precept of loving every man and doing to everybody what one wishes to be done to you. I know that this method seemes to be less expedient than socialism and other frail theories, but it is the sole true one. And all the efforts we use in trying to realize false and not reaching their aims theories only hinder us to employ the sole true means to attain the degree of happiness of mankind and of every individual which so proper to our time. Excuse me for the liberty I take to discuss your creed and for my...
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Часть текста: their comrades. I think, that the title of your publication is too narrow. The contents are broader. It contains not only records of the labour movement, but of the whole social reformation movement, which is going on now with so great intensity in the whole world. The solution of the labour question will not solve the social question, but the social question includes the labour question. And the social question can be solved only by the annulment of every kind of restraint used by one man or reunion of men over any other man or men. And this can only be done by change of public opinion. The social question will be solved only when it will be regarded by the great majority of men as base, shameful, abject and revilling a man to a beast to use violence against every other man, as to be a thief or murderer. And this opinion is more and more going to be general, and to establish this public opinion is what I have worked for with all my strength and will work for to my last day. I will beg my daughter to put my photo in this letter if she has one. Wishing you succes in your and our common work, I remain yours truly Leo Tolstoy. 17 Oct. 1895. Милостивый государь, Я получил ваше письмо и «Рабочий ежегодник». Благодарю за его присылку. Я просмотрел его и нашел в нем много вещей, для меня новых. Думаю, что такая книга очень полезна, ибо знакомит между собою людей, занятых той же самой работой, но не знающих своих товарищей по работе. Я думаю, что заглавие вашего издания слишком узко. Содержание его шире. Оно содержит не только сведения о рабочем движении, но обо всем движении общественного переустройства, которое так усиленно развивается сейчас во всем мире. Разрешение рабочего вопроса не разрешает социального вопроса, но социальный вопрос включает рабочий вопрос. Социальный вопрос может быть разрешен только с уничтожением всякого вида насилия, применяемого одним человеком или соединением...